Different Types of Forces
1. Point Load / Point Force / Concentrated Load
A point load is a load which is localized to a specific location on a structure. (Even though it is usually really not applied at a sharp point.)
For example, a pedestrian standing on a footbridge is considered a point load.
2. Surface Traction / Area Load
Traction refers to the distributed force per unit area surface.
3. Body Force / Volume Load
A body force is a force that acts throughout the volume of a body. E.g. gravity and electromagnetic forces
1. Point Load / Point Force / Concentrated Load
A point load is a load which is localized to a specific location on a structure. (Even though it is usually really not applied at a sharp point.)
For example, a pedestrian standing on a footbridge is considered a point load.
2. Surface Traction / Area Load
Traction refers to the distributed force per unit area surface.
3. Body Force / Volume Load
A body force is a force that acts throughout the volume of a body. E.g. gravity and electromagnetic forces
Uniformly Distributed Load (UDL)
A uniform load is one which is evenly distributed along a length such as the weight of the beam or a wall built on top of a beam. The resultant of these distributed loads has the same magnitude as the area of the distributed load and acts through the centre of gravity, or the centroid of the load area.
Loading Area = Magnitude of Force
= L x w (Newtons)
A uniform load is one which is evenly distributed along a length such as the weight of the beam or a wall built on top of a beam. The resultant of these distributed loads has the same magnitude as the area of the distributed load and acts through the centre of gravity, or the centroid of the load area.
Loading Area = Magnitude of Force
= L x w (Newtons)
Uniformly Varying Load (UVL)
A uniformly varying load has a uniform change in intensity of load along the distance.
Here, w = base-intensity
Loading Area = 1/2 x base x height
= 1/c x L x w
A uniformly varying load has a uniform change in intensity of load along the distance.
Here, w = base-intensity
Loading Area = 1/2 x base x height
= 1/c x L x w
4. Random Loading
5. Combined Loading
5. Combined Loading
Types of Support
1. Roller Support
Fy = reaction perpendicular to the surface
The resulting reaction force is always a single force that is perpendicular to, and away from the surface.
Roller supports are commonly located at one end of long bridges. This allows the bridge structure to expand and contract with temperature changes.
A roller support cannot provide resistance to a lateral force.
Fy = reaction perpendicular to the surface
The resulting reaction force is always a single force that is perpendicular to, and away from the surface.
Roller supports are commonly located at one end of long bridges. This allows the bridge structure to expand and contract with temperature changes.
A roller support cannot provide resistance to a lateral force.
2. Hinge Support
Hinge Support or Pin Connection resists horizontal and vertical forces.
It cannot resist a moment. This will allow the structural member to rotate, but not to translate in any direction.
Hinge Support or Pin Connection resists horizontal and vertical forces.
It cannot resist a moment. This will allow the structural member to rotate, but not to translate in any direction.
3. Fixed Support or Built-in End
Fixed supports can resist vertical and horizontal forces as well as a moment. Since they can restrain both rotation and translation, they are also known as rigid supports.
E.g. a flagpole set into a concrete base
Fixed supports can resist vertical and horizontal forces as well as a moment. Since they can restrain both rotation and translation, they are also known as rigid supports.
E.g. a flagpole set into a concrete base
4. Internal Hinge
Moment about internal hinge (to the left) or moment about internal hinge (to the right) = 0
Moment about internal hinge (to the left) or moment about internal hinge (to the right) = 0